Unit 1: Photosynthesis Pathways (C3, C4, CAM)

This unit covers the mechanisms of photosynthesis, including light and dark reactions, carbon fixation, and differences between C3, C4, and CAM pathways. Practical examples in horticultural crops are included.

Download Handout

Unit 2: Glycolysis, TCA Cycle, and Pentose Phosphate Pathway

Students will explore central metabolic pathways, understand enzymatic regulation, energy yield, and integration with crop growth and stress adaptation.

Download Handout

Unit 3: Starch and Sucrose Biosynthesis

This unit introduces carbohydrate storage and transport, regulation of starch and sucrose biosynthesis, and applications for improving fruit and vegetable quality.

Download Handout

Embedded Video & Simulation

Demonstration of photosynthesis in tomato leaves and an interactive carbohydrate metabolism simulation.

Watch Video Try Simulation